International Law

  1. Human Rights Law
  2. International Law
  3. Right to Justice

The Kashmir Kaleidoscope: Refracting Human Rights in a Shifting Legal Paradigm

Jammu and Kashmir has been the site of a protracted struggle among Indian armed personnel and Kashmiri people since 1990s. On 5 August 2019, the government of India made a significant decision by abrogating Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, which resulted in the revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. This move, […]
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  1. Human Rights Law
  2. International Law

Towards the Recognition of a Right to Remedial Rebellion in International Law?

1. Introduction Nowadays the vast majority of armed conflicts are non-international in character. While international law regulates extensively the use of force among states, internal conflicts are beyond the reach of the law in terms of jus ad bellum. Accordingly, non-international armed conflicts (NIACs) are neither lawful nor unlawful under the current legal framework. This […]
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  1. International Law

US-China Trade Conflict: the WTO Verdict, the Holistic Approach in Interpreting Article XX and the Aftermath

Background A World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) Panel handed a verdict in favour of China on 15 September 2020. The United States (US) had imposed additional tariffs of 25% on certain products from China on 20 June 2018. These products were listed as List 1. On 21 September 2018 the US had […]
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  1. Arbitration
  2. International Dispute Settlement
  3. International Law

The Quest for Protecting Investments under Occupation: The Inception of the Notion of De Facto Host-State in Investment Treaty Arbitration

Almost six years have passed since Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol on 18 March 2014 following a referendum according to which the regional authorities declared their independence from Ukraine and proclaimed their incorporation into the Russian territory. As of the moment of writing this blog, there are eight pending arbitrations that […]
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  1. International Law
  2. Space Law

Silence in Outer Space? NASA’s Leap to Protecting Neil Armstrong’s Boot Print on the Moon

Fifty years ago, the United States (US) astronauts, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin took humanity’s first steps off of planet Earth, marking the advancement of civilization’s scientific capabilities. With six manned moon landings, two manned orbital missions, over a dozen robotic landings and more than a dozen crash sites, the Moon today commands a truly […]
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  1. Human Rights Law
  2. International Law
  3. Right to Leave

Australia’s Visa Regime and the Right to Leave Any Country: Fostering Irregular Migration and Harm

Destination states do not wait for refugees, asylum seekers and migrants to arrive at their borders. Rather, visa requirements are in place to proactively prevent certain non-nationals leaving the state they are in and their arrival at their borders. Visas represent a long-standing mechanism to control the movement of persons. Already in the 1920s, the […]
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  1. International Humanitarian Law
  2. International Law

Who Counts as a Civilian? Aerial bombing and Distinction in the Interwar Period

On the 1st of July 2016, Barack Obama issued an Executive Order to address civilian casualties in US operations involving the use of force. Together with this Executive Order, a report was published with information on the number of civilian casualties of US counterterrorism strikes. Referring to areas ‘outside active hostilities’, the document listed an […]
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  1. International Law
  2. Uncategorized

আন্তর্জাতিক আইনে জাতিগত আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণের অধিকার

এডমুন্ড বার্ক (1730-1797) ও জ্যঁ জাক রুশোর (1712-1778) লেখায় self-determination ধারণাটির বীজ লুকায়িত থাকলেও উড্রো উইলসনকে (1856-1924) এর জনক বলা হয়। কিন্তু উইলসন ধারণাটির আন্তর্জাতিকীকরণ করলেও এর তাত্ত্বিক বিকাশ ঘটেছে ভ্লাদিমির ইলিচ লেনিনের (1870-1924)  ১৯০৩ সাল থেকে ১৯১৭ সালের মধ্যকার লেখালেখিতে। Rita Augestad Knudsen তাঁর অপ্রকাশিত পিএইচডি থিসিসে (২০১৩) লেনিনের ধারণাকে র‌্যাডিক্যাল আর উইলসনের ধারণাকে […]
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  1. Environmental Law
  2. International Law

War on Waters: Revisiting the Ganges Treaty in the Context of Climate Change

Bangladesh is a country where the lives of a considerable part of the population are directly connected with its rivers. As a result, shared watercourses are a matter of great concern in this region. Bangladesh has 57 trans-boundary rivers flowing through it, whose flow, when disrupted, brings about a considerable amount of environmental deterioration. Of […]
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  1. Constitutional Law
  2. International Law

Proclamation of Bangladesh Independence: Implications for International Law

On 10 April 1971, the Mujibnagar government (Bangladesh government-in-exile during 1971 liberation war) adopted the Proclamation of Bangladesh Independence. The people of Bangladesh wanted to become the master of their own destiny. Therefore, they expressed their collective oneness of mind through the Proclamation. Formally read out in the Constituent Assembly (the elected representatives duly constituted […]
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Towards a Bangladesh Model BIT: The Chevron Dues and the Case for Reform

In April 2025, Bangladesh’s state-owned gas company Petrobangla cleared all of Chevron’s outstanding gas bills from previous years. Within days of this payment, Petrobangla formally urged Chevron to resume work on the stalled $65 million Jalalabad compressor project. Petrobangla Chairman told the press, ‘…we have already cleared all outstanding arrear payments of Chevron Bangladesh.’ Chevron […]
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The 15th Amendment Case before the High Court Division: An Analytical Perspective

Background On 17 December 2024, the High Court Division (HCD) of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh (SCOB) delivered a historic judgment regarding the Constitution (Fifteenth Amendment) Act, 2011 (Act No. XIV of 2011). The 15th Amendment removed the Non-Party Caretaker Government (NPCG) system for conducting general elections and made numerous other constitutional changes. This write-up […]
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